Seminars in Radiation Oncology
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Pages 12-20 , January 2010

Normal Tissue Development, Homeostasis, Senescence, and the Sensitivity to Radiation Injury Across the Age Spectrum

  • Arnold C. Paulino, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
    • Department of Radiology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
  • ,
  • Louis S. Constine, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
    • Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Louis S. Constine, MD, Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 647, Rochester, NY 14642
  • ,
  • Philip Rubin, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
  • ,
  • Jacqueline P. Williams, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY

References 

  1. Travis EL, Tucker SL. The relationship between functional assays of radiation response in the lung and target cell depletion. Br J Cancer. 1986;7(suppl 7):304–319
  2. Hopewell J, Withers HR. Proposition: Long-term changes in irradiated tissues are due principally to vascular damage in the tissues. Med Phys. 1998;25:2265–2268
  3. Rubin P, Johnston CJ, Williams JP. A perpetual cascade of cytokines postirradiation leads to pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995;33:99–109
  4. McBride WH, Chiang CS, Olson JL. A sense of danger from radiation. Radiat Res. 2004;162:1–19
  5. Rubin P, Finkelstein J, Shapiro D. Molecular biology mechanisms in the radiation induction of pulmonary injury syndromes: Interrelationship between the alveolar macrophage and the septal fibroblast. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1992;24:93–101
  6. Rabbani ZN, Anscher MS, Folz RJ. Overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase reduces acute radiation induced lung toxicity. BMC Cancer. 2005;5:59
  7. Johnston CJ, Piedboeuf B, Rubin P. Early and persistent alterations in the expression of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA levels in fibrosis-resistant and sensitive mice after thoracic irradiation. Radiat Res. 1996;145:762–767
  8. Fike JR, Rola R, Limoli CL. Radiation response of neural precursor cells. Neurosurg Clin North Am. 2007;18:115–127
  9. Zhao W, Diz DI, Robbins ME. Oxidative damage pathways in relation to normal tissue injury. Br J Radiol. 2007;80:S23–S31
  10. Koumbourlis AC. Scoliosis and the respiratory system. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2006;7:152–160
  11. Jin H, Tucker S, Liu H. Dose-volume thresholds and smoking status for the risk of treatment-related pneumonitis in inoperable non-small cell lung cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol. 2009;91:427–432
  12. Trosko JE. Cancer stem cells and cancer nonstem cells: From adult stem cells or from reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells. Vet Pathol. 2009;46:176–193
  13. Michalopoulos GK. Liver regeneration. J Cell Physiol. 2007;213:286–300
  14. Wu H, Sun YE. Reversing DNA methylation: New insights from neuronal activity-induced Gadd45b in adult neurogenesis. Sci Signal. 2009;2:17
  15. Romanko MJ, Rola R, Fike JR. Roles of the mammalian subventricular zone in cell replacement after brain injury. Prog Neurobiol. 2004;74:77–99
  16. Anversa P, Kajstura J. Ventricular myocytes are not terminally differentiated in the adult mammalian heart. Circ Res. 1998;83:1–14
  17. Suzuki M, Boothman DA. Stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS)—influence of SIPS on radiotherapy. J Radiat Res. 2008;49:105–112
  18. Chen J, Patschan S, Goligorsky MS. Stress-induced premature senescence of endothelial cells. J Nephrol. 2008;21:337–344
  19. Campisi J, d'Adda di Fagagna F. Cellular senescence: When bad things happen to good cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007;8:729–740
  20. Deng Y, Chan SS, Chang S. Telomere dysfunction and tumour suppression: the senescence connection. Nat Rev. 2008;8:450–458
  21. Beck-Bornholdt HP, Dubben HH, Willers H. Proliferation rate and radiosensitivity (Bergonie's and Tribondeau's error). Strahlenther Onkol. 1997;173:335–337
  22. Wright EG. Microenvironmental and genetic factors in haemopoietic radiation responses. Int J Radiat Biol. 2007;83:813–818
  23. Hayflick L, Moorhead PS. The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains. Exp Cell Res. 1961;25:585–621
  24. Yamashita T, Ohneda O, Sakiyama A. The microenvironment for erythropoiesis is regulated by HIF-2alpha through VCAM-1 in endothelial cells. Blood. 2008;112:1482–1492
  25. Ma T, Grayson WL, Frohlich M. Hypoxia and stem cell-based engineering of mesenchymal tissues. Biotechnol Prog. 2009;25:32–42
  26. Russell LB, Russell WL. An analysis of the changing radiation response of the developing mouse embryo. J Cell Physiol. 1954;43(suppl 1):103–149
  27. Hall EJ, Giacca AJ. Effects of radiation on the embryo and fetus. In:  Hall EJ,  Giacca AJ editor. Radiobiology for the Radiologist. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott; 2006;p. 168–180
  28. Conklin HM, Li C, Xiong X. A prospective study of cognitive function in children receiving whole-brain radiotherapy and chemotherapy: 2-year results. J Neurosurg. 1989;70:707–713
  29. Ris MD, Packer R, Goldwein J. Intellectual outcome after reduced-dose radiation therapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy for medulloblastoma: A Children's Cancer Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:3470–3476
  30. Ogg RJ, Merchant TE. Predicting change in academic abilities after conformal radiation therapy for localized ependymoma. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:3965–3970
  31. Merchant TE, Sherwood SH, Mulhern RK. CNS germinoma: Disease control and long-term functional outcome for 12 children treated with craniospinal irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;46:1171–1176
  32. Duffner PK, Horowitz ME, Krischer JP. Postoperative chemotherapy and delayed radiation in children less than three years of age with malignant brain tumors. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1725–1731
  33. Desai SS, Paulino AC, Mai WY. Radiation-induced Moyamoya syndrome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;65:1222–1227
  34. Cassady JR. Clinical radiation nephropathy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995;31:1249–1256
  35. Peschel RE, Chen M, Seashore J. The treatment of massive hepatomegaly in Stage IV-S neuroblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1981;7:549–553
  36. Esiashvili N, Chiang KY, Hasselle MD. Renal toxicity in children undergoing total body irradiation for bone marrow transplant. Radiother Oncol. 2009;90:242–246
  37. Probert JC, Parker BP. The effects of radiation therapy on bone growth. Radiology. 1975;114:155–162
  38. Paulino AC, Fowler BZ. Risk factors for scoliosis in children with neuroblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;61:865–869
  39. Silverman CL, Thomas PRM, McAlister WH. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in irradiated children: Dose volume and age relationships. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1981;7:1357–1363
  40. Paulino AC. Late effects of radiotherapy for pediatric extremity sarcomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;60:265–274
  41. Wallace WHB, Thomson AB, Saran F. Predicting age of ovarian failure after radiation to a field that includes the ovaries. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;62:738–744
  42. Chemaitilly W, Mertens AC, Mitby P. Acute ovarian failure in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:1723–1728
  43. Oglivy-Stuart AL, Clark DJ, Wallace WH. Endocrine deficit after fractionated total body irradiation. Arch Dis Child. 1992;67:1107–1110
  44. Larsen EC, Schmiegelow K, Rechnitzer C. Radiotherapy at a young age reduces uterine volume of childhood cancer survivors. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2004;83:96–102
  45. Furst CJ, Lundell M, Ahlback SO. Breast hypoplasia following irradiation of the female breast in infancy and early childhood. Acta Oncol. 1989;28:519–523
  46. Macklis RM, Oltikar A, Sallan SE. Wilms' tumor patients with pulmonary metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1991;21:1187–1193
  47. Anscher MS, Murase T, Prescott DM. Changes in plasma TGF beta levels during pulmonary radiotherapy as a predictor of the risk of developing radiation pneumonitis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994;30:671–676
  48. Chen Y, Hyrien O, Williams J. Interleukin (IL)-1A and IL-6: Applications to the predictive diagnostic testing of radiation pneumonitis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;62:260–266
  49. Hayflick L. The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains. Exp Cell Res. 1965;37:614–636
  50. Campisi J, Sedivy J. How does proliferative homeostasis change with age? What does it and how does it contribute to aging?. J Gerontol. 2009;64A:164–166
  51. Borkan GA, Norris AH. Assessment of biological age using a profile of physical parameters. J Gerontol. 1980;35:177–184
  52. Fajardo LF, Berthrong M, Anderson RE. Pathology of Radiation Injury. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001;
  53. Lutz S. Palliative whole-brain radiotherapy fractionation: Convenience versus cognition?. Cancer. 2007;110:2363–2364
  54. Corn B, Moughan J, Knisely JPS. Prospective evaluation of quality of life and neurocognitive effects in patients with multiple brain metastases receiving whole-brain radiotherapy with or without thalidomide on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Trial 0118. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71:71–78
  55. Monje ML, Vogel H, Masek M. Impaired human hippocampal neurogenesis after treatment for central nervous system malignancies. Ann Neurol. 2007;62:515–520
  56. Grosshans DR, Meyers CA, Allen PK. Neurocognitive function in patients with small cell lung cancer. Cancer. 2008;112:589–595
  57. Komaki R, Meyers CA, Shin DM. Evaluation of cognitive function in patients with limited small cell lung cancer prior to and shortly following prophylactic cranial irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995;33:179–182
  58. Li J, Bentzen SM, Renschler M. Regression after whole-brain radiation therapy for brain metastases correlates with survival and improved neurocognitive function. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:126–1266
  59. Aoyama H, Tago M, Kato N. Neurocognitive function of patients with brain metastasis who received either whole brain radiotherapy plus stereotactic radiosurgery or radiosurgery alone. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;68:1388–1395
  60. Brookbank JW. Changes in organ systems. In:  Schneider EL,  Rowe JW editor. Handbook of the Biology of Aging. Vol II:San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1990;p. 159–183
  61. Hatano H, Morita T, Kobayashi H. Pathological fracture of the femur ten years after successful radiation therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer. 2004;11:313–317
  62. Novince CM, Ward BB, McCauley LK. Osteonecrosis of the jaw: an update and review of recommendations. Cells Tissues Organs. 2009;189:275–283
  63. Okunieff P, Augustine E, Hicks JE. Pentoxifylline in the treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:2207–2213
  64. Arking R. Human aging. In:  Arking R editors. Biology of Aging: Observations and Principles. 2nd ed.. Sunderland, MA: Sinnauer Associates Inc; 1998;p. 153–250
  65. Kuptsova N, Chang-Claude J, Kropp S. Genetic predictors of long-term toxicities after radiation therapy for breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2008;122:1333–1339
  66. Neumanova R, Petera J, Frgala T. Long-term outcome with interstitial brachytherapy boost in the treatment of women with early-stage breast cancer. Neoplasma. 2007;54:413–423

PII: S1053-4296(09)00062-9

doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2009.08.003

Seminars in Radiation Oncology
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Pages 12-20 , January 2010